JVM之G1

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JVM之G1

G1 GC，全称Garbage-First Garbage Collector，通过-XX:+UseG1GC参数来启用，作为体验版随着JDK 6u14版本面世，在JDK 7u4版本发行时被正式推出

The Garbage-First (G1) collector is a server-style garbage collector, targeted for multi-processor machines with large memories. It meets garbage collection (GC) pause time goals with a high probability, while achieving high throughput. The G1 garbage collector is fully supported in Oracle JDK 7 update 4 and later releases. The G1 collector is designed for applications that:

  • Can operate concurrently with applications threads like the CMS collector.
  • Compact free space without lengthy GC induced pause times.
  • Need more predictable GC pause durations.
  • Do not want to sacrifice a lot of throughput performance.
  • Do not require a much larger Java heap.

Region

G1的各代存储地址是不连续的，每一代都使用了n个不连续的大小相同的Region，每个Region占有一块连续的虚拟内存地址

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H，它代表Humongous，这表示这些Region存储的是巨大对象（humongous object，H-obj），即大小大于等于region一半的对象。

  • H-obj直接分配到了old gen，防止了反复拷贝移动。
  • H-obj在global concurrent marking阶段的cleanup 和 full GC阶段回收。
  • 在分配H-obj之前先检查是否超过 initiating heap occupancy percent和the marking threshold, 如果超过的话，就启动global concurrent marking，为的是提早回收，防止 evacuation failures 和 full GC。

Pause Prediction Modle

G1 uses a pause prediction model to meet a user-defined pause time target and selects the number of regions to collect based on the specified pause time target.

G1 GC是一个响应时间优先的GC算法，它与CMS最大的不同是，用户可以设定整个GC过程的期望停顿时间，参数-XX:MaxGCPauseMillis指定一个G1收集过程目标停顿时间，默认值200ms，不过它不是硬性条件，只是期望值。

G1根据这个模型统计计算出来的历史数据来预测本次收集需要选择的Region数量，从而尽量满足用户设定的目标停顿时间。

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